The Role of Computer Forensics in Cyber Crime (CSE Department @ LAQSHYA College)

The Role of Computer Forensics in Cyber Crime

The world has been transforming into cyber from the last two decades. Cyber is a form of electronic communication networks and virtual reality. As our lives become more wireless and everything takes an online form, computer and networks are becoming the most powerful interfaces. This transformation has raised many new disciplines like cyber forensics, computer forensics, network forensics, cellular forensics and many more.

What is Cyber Crime?

Cyber crime refers to any crime that is committed using computers or the internet. Cyber crime includes hacking, cracking, copyright infringement, pornography, spam mails, phishing, internet fraud, identity theft, introducing viruses, malwares etc.

What is Forensics?

Forensics is a scientific technique to process the evidence that is admissible in the court. The word forensic means “to bring the court”.

What is Cyber Forensics?

Cyber forensics is the identification, collection, preservation and analysis of evidence extracted from various elements of computer media, other computer peripherals, and computer networks. Cyber forensics is a composition of computer forensics and network forensics.

Cyber Forensic is of two types
1) Computer Forensics
2) Network Forensics 

Computer forensics & its role in cyber crime:

Computer forensics focuses on gathering digital evidence from computer or any other digital media after a crime has occurred. Computer forensics carries on a methodological investment to find out the incidents occurring with the digital media & responsible parties for those actions.

In a cyber crime, the computer could be used to either commit the crime or it could have been the target of the crime(victim). The main goal of computer forensics is to gather evidence in cyber crimes. Many computer forensic tools are available to discover, analyze & preserve the digital evidence.  

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CSE Department               

LAQSHYA Institute of Technology & Sciences              

Introduction To Web Services (CSE Department @ LAQSHYA College)

Introduction To Web Services

A web service is a collection of open protocols and standards used for exchanging data between applications or systems. Software applications written in various programming languages and running on various platforms can use web services to exchange data over computer networks like the Internet in a manner similar to inter-process communication on a single computer. This interoperability (e.g., between Java and Python, or Windows and Linux applications) is due to the use of open standards.

Web services are XML-based information exchange systems that use the Internet for direct application-to-application interaction. These systems can include programs, objects, messages, or documents.
Interoperability has Highest Priority

“Any thing that is accessible irrespective of programming language and platform.”

Components of Web Services

The basic Web services platform is XML + HTTP. All the standard Web Services works using following

components

1.       SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

2.       UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)

3.       WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

1. SOAP

S SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages.

Skeleton SOAP Message

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope"
soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">
<soap:Header>
...

</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
...
  <soap:Fault>
  ...
  </soap:Fault>
</soap:Body>

2. UDDI:

 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is a directory service where businesses can register and search for Web services. It can store all the WSDL documents in it. Provider will publishes the WSDL documents to the UDDI registry and consumers will browse for a WSDL document form the registry.

WSDL

3.   WSDL

Stands for Web Services Description Language

WSDL is often used in combination with SOAP and XML Schema to provide web services over the Internet.

The main structure of a WSDL document looks like this:

<definitions> … It defines the name of the web service. <types>    definition of types........ the data types that are used by the web service. </types> <message>    definition of a message.... data elements of an operation. </message> <portType> It describes a web service, the operations that can be performed, and the messages that are involved.       <operation>                   definition of a operation.......        </operation> </portType> <binding>    definition of a binding.... data format and protocol for each port type. </binding> <service>    definition of a service....</service></definitions> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Article By -------------- R.Rupa                      Assistant Professor CSE Department LAQSHYA Institute of Technology & Sciences

E-mail security (CSE Department @ LAQSHYA)

E-mail security

Most people don’t have CBI/IB sniffing through their personal emails, but people grossly underestimate how transparent their digital communications have become.

Anyone can read your emails because its so easy to do. What people realize is that hacking and spying went main stream a decade ago.

To secure your email

1.      Hide your location

v  You can mask your IP address using TOR (TOOL).

v  You can also use a virtual private network which adds a layer of security to public Wi-Fi networks.

v  Email providers like Google and yahoo keep login records, which reveal IP addresses, for 18 months during which they can easily be asked for data legally.

v  A letter on the letterhead of DCP/SP of the police to network service providers can reveal lot of individual data.

2.      Go off the record

v  At bare minimum, choose, “off the record” feature on Google talk, Google instant messaging client, which ensures that nothing  typed is saved or searchable in either person’s Gmail account.

3.      Encrypt your messages

v  Email encryption services like GPG, help protect digital secrets from eavesdroppers without an encryption key, any message stored in an inbox, or reached from cloud, with look like gibberish.

v  Wickr, a mobile app, performs a similar service for smart phones.

4.      Set your self-destruct timer

v  Services like 10 minute mail allows users to open an Email addresses and send a message, and the address self-destructs 10 minutes later.

v  Wickr also allows users to set a self destruct timer for mobile communications.

5.      Don’t mess-up

v  It is hard to pull of one of these steps let alone all of them all the time. It takes just one mistake forgetting to use TOR, leaving your encryption keys. Where someone can find them, connecting to an airport  Wi-Fi just once to ruin you.

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CSE Departement

LAQSHYA Institute of Technology & Sciences             

Exception Handling in JAVA (CSE Department @ LAQSHYA )

Importance Of Exception Handling In Java

INTRODUCTION

—  The computer programs are used to solve many kinds of problems like

◦      File management

◦      Data management

◦      General applications

◦      Web related etc

The phases in general program process are :

◦      Writing the source code

◦      compilation – for checking the syntax error

◦      execution – for obtaining desired results

  Phases in Program Process:

o  At the time of execution, a program may fall under abnormal state such as

§  opening a file , which was not yet created

§  retrieving the invalid data

§  choosing of invalid data format

§  stack over flow   etc

Ø  To avoid the abnormal termination of program execution, first identify the Exception state & then handle it by using external code segment.

Ø  Most of computer programming languages do not support this feature

Ø  Java is a high level programming language which supports in built exception handling mechanism.

Exception handling in JAVA by using  five key words -- try, catch, finally, throw, throws

Ø  In JAVA,   exception state is treated as  an object, and  handled by using

o   Exception class

o   Throwable interface

The code sample of exception state in a java program is

Class sample {

   public static void main(String ar[]) {

     int a[]=new int[5];

     a[5]=23;  // array index out of memory exception

     System.out.println(“ the value of 6^th element in a =“ + a[5]);

}

}

•      While executing the above code at line 4, exception is raised and program terminated abnormally.

•      The following code shows how an exception handled in java using try and catch

Class sample {

 public static void main(String ar[]) {

int a[]=new int[5];

try {

     a[5]=23;  // array index out of memory exception identified

}

catch{

System.out.println(e);//handling mechanism applied here

}

     System.out.println(“ the rest of the program continued”);

}

}

•      While executing the above code at line 5, exception is raised and handled and program terminated normally.